Windows Remote Desktop Web

How secure is Windows Remote Desktop?

On the PC you’re using to connect remotely, follow these instructions. In the search bar, enter ‘Remote Desktop Connection’ and select it from the list of results. In Remote Desktop Connection, enter the name of your computer and username that you created earlier, then Connect. Description Use the Microsoft Remote Desktop app to connect to a remote PC or virtual apps and desktops made available by your admin. The app helps you be productive no matter where you are. Getting Started Configure your PC for remote access first.

The Remote Desktop web client lets users access your organization's Remote Desktop infrastructure through a compatible web browser. They'll be able to interact with remote apps or desktops like they would with a local PC no matter where they are.

Remote Desktop sessions operate over an encrypted channel, preventing anyone from viewing your session by listening on the network. However, there is a vulnerability in the method used to encrypt sessions in earlier versions of RDP. This vulnerability can allow unauthorized access to your session using a man-in-the-middle attack.

Remote Desktop can be secured using SSL/TLS in Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10 and Windows Server 2003/2008/2012/2016. *Some systems listed are no longer supported by Microsoft and therefore do not meet Campus security standards. If unsupported systems are still in use, a security exception is required.

While Remote Desktop is more secure than remote administration tools such as VNC that do not encrypt the entire session, any time Administrator access to a system is granted remotely there are risks. The following tips will help to secure Remote Desktop access to both desktops and servers that you support.

Basic Security Tips for Remote Desktop

1. Use strong passwords

Strong passwords on any accounts with access to Remote Desktop should be considered a required step before enabling Remote Desktop. Refer to the campus password complexity guidelines for tips.

2. Use Two-factor authentication

Departments should consider using a two-factor authentication approach. This topic is beyond the scope of this article, but RD Gateways can be configured to integrate with the Campus instance of DUO. Other unsupported by campus options available would be a simple mechanism for controlling authentication via two-factor certificate based smartcards. This approach utilizes the Remote Desktop host itself, in conjunction with YubiKey and RSA as examples.

3. Update your software

One advantage of using Remote Desktop rather than 3rd party remote admin tools is that components are updated automatically with the latest security fixes in the standard Microsoft patch cycle. Make sure you are running the latest versions of both the client and server software by enabling and auditing automatic Microsoft Updates. If you are using Remote Desktop clients on other platforms, make sure they are still supported and that you have the latest versions. Older versions may not support high encryption and may have other security flaws.

4. Restrict access using firewalls

Use firewalls (both software and hardware where available) to restrict access to remote desktop listening ports (default is TCP 3389). Using an RDP Gateway is highly recommended for restricting RDP access to desktops and servers (see discussion below). As an alternative to support off-campus connectivity, you can use the campus VPN software to get a campus IP address and add the campus VPN network address pool to your RDP firewall exception rule. Visit our page for more information on the campus VPN service.

5. Enable Network Level Authentication

Windows 10, Windows Server 2012 R2/2016/2019 also provide Network Level Authentication (NLA) by default. It is best to leave this in place, as NLA provides an extra level of authentication before a connection is established. You should only configure Remote Desktop servers to allow connections without NLA if you use Remote Desktop clients on other platforms that don't support it.

NLA should be enabled by default onWindows 10, Windows Server 2012 R2/2016/2019.
To check you may look at Group Policy setting Require user authentication for remote connections by using Network Level Authentication found at ComputerPoliciesWindows ComponentsRemote Desktop ServicesRemote Desktop Session HostSecurity. This Group Policy setting must be enabled on the server running the Remote Desktop Session Host role.

6. Limit users who can log in using Remote Desktop

By default, all Administrators can log in to Remote Desktop. If you have multiple Administrator accounts on your computer, you should limit remote access only to those accounts that need it. If Remote Desktop is not used for system administration, remove all administrative access via RDP, and only allow user accounts requiring RDP service. For Departments that manage many machines remotely remove the local Administrator account from RDP access at and add a technical group instead.

Click Start-->Programs-->Administrative Tools-->Local Security Policy
Under Local Policies-->User Rights Assignment, go to 'Allow logon through Terminal Services.' Or “Allow logon through Remote Desktop Services”
Remove the Administrators group and leave the Remote Desktop Users group.
Use the System control panel to add users to the Remote Desktop Users group.

A typical MS operating system will have the following setting by default as seen in the Local Security Policy:

The problem is that “Administrators” is here by default, and your “Local Admin” account is in administrators. Although a password convention to avoid identical local admin passwords on the local machine and tightly controlling access to these passwords or conventions is recommended, using a local admin account to work on a machine remotely does not properly log and identify the user using the system. It is best to override the local security policy with a Group Policy Setting.

To control access to the systems, even more, using “Restricted Groups” via Group Policy is also helpful.

If you use a “Restricted Group” setting to place your group, e.g., “CAMPUSLAW-TECHIES” into “Administrators” and “Remote Desktop Users,” your techies will still have administrative access remotely, but using the steps above, you have removed the problematic “local administrator account” having RDP access. Going forward, whenever new machines are added in the OU under the GPO, your settings will be correct.

7. Set an account lockout policy

By setting your computer to lock an account for a set number of incorrect guesses, you will help prevent hackers from using automated password guessing tools from gaining access to your system (this is known as a 'brute-force' attack). To set an account lockout policy:

Go to Start-->Programs--> Administrative Tools--> Local Security Policy
Under Account Policies--> Account Lockout Policies, set values for all three options. Three invalid attempts with 3-minute lockout durations are reasonable choices.

Best Practices for Additional Security

Mac Remote Desktop On Windows

1. Do not allow direct RDP access to clients or servers from off campus.

Having RDP (port 3389) open to off campus networks is highly discouraged and is a known vector for many attacks. The options below list ways of improving security while still allowing RDP access to system.

Once an RDP gateway has been set up, hosts should be configured to only allow RDP connections from the Gateway host or campus subnets where needed.

2. Use RDP Gateways (Best Option)

Using an RDP Gateway is strongly recommended. It provides a way to tightly restrict access to Remote Desktop ports while supporting remote connections through a single 'Gateway' server. When using an RD Gateway server, all Remote Desktop services on your desktop and workstations should be restricted to only allow access only from the RD Gateway. The RD Gateway server listens for Remote Desktop requests over HTTPS (port 443) and connects the client to the Remote Desktop service on the target machine.

Utilize Campus RDP Gateway Service. This is the best option to allow RDP access to system categorized as UC P2 and lower. Includes DUO integration. RDP Gateway Service is provided by the Windows Team. Documentation is available here: https://berkeley.sharepoint.com/sites/calnetad/gateway.
The RDP Gateway Service also supports the new Remote Access Services requirement of the draft MSSND update (requirement 8), which requires the use of an approved service (i.e., RDP gateway, dedicated gateway, or bSecure VPN) for access to the UC Berkeley network from the public Internet.
Dedicated Gateway Service (Managed). Needed for rdp access to systems that are UC P4 or higher. Must also be configured for DUO
Some campus units use an IST managed VPS as an RD Gateway. A rough estimate might be that 30-100 concurrent users can use one RD Gateway. The HA at the virtual layer provides enough fault-tolerant and reliable access; however a slightly more sophisticated RD gateway implementation can be done with network load balancing.
Dedicated Gateway Service (Unmanaged). Installing and configuring RD Gateway on department run hardware.
There are many online documents for configuring this embedded Windows 2016/2019 component. The official documentation is here: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/remote/remote-desktop-se...
Installing the configuring, the role service is mostly as described; however, using a Calnet issued trusted Comodo certificate is recommended. Using a self-signed cert is ok for testing, and using a CalnetPKI cert can work if all clients have trusted the UCB root. The Comodo cert is usually better accepted so that your end users do not receive certificate warnings.
Configuring your client to use your RD Gateway is simple.The official documentation for the MS Client is here: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc770601.aspx

In essence, a simple change on the advanced tab of your RDP client is all that is necessary:

3. Change the listening port for Remote Desktop

Changing the listening port will help to 'hide' Remote Desktop from hackers who are scanning the network for computers listening on the default Remote Desktop port (TCP 3389). This offers effective protection against the latest RDP worms such, as Morto. To do this, edit the following registry key (WARNING: do not try this unless you are familiar with the Windows Registry and TCP/IP): HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlTerminal ServerWinStationsRDP-Tcp. Change the listening port from 3389 to something else and remember to update any firewall rules with the new port. Although this approach is helpful, it is security by obscurity, which is not the most reliable security approach. You should ensure that you are also using other methods to tighten down access as described in this article.

4. Tunnel Remote Desktop connections through IPSec or SSH

If using an RD Gateway is not feasible, you can add an extra layer of authentication and encryption by tunneling your Remote Desktop sessions through IPSec or SSH. IPSec is built-in to all Windows operating systems since Windows 2000, but use and management are greatly improved in Windows 10 (see: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/network/bb531150). If an SSH server is available, you can use SSH tunneling for Remote Desktop connections.

5. Use existing management tools for RDP logging and configuration

Using other components like VNC or PCAnywhere is not recommended because they may not log in a fashion that is auditable or protected. With RDP, logins are audited to the local security log, and often to the domain controller auditing system. When monitoring local security logs, look for anomalies in RDP sessions such as login attempts from the local Administrator account. RDP also has the benefit of a central management approach via GPO as described above. Whenever possible, use GPOs or other Windows configuration management tools to ensure a consistent and secure RDP configuration across all your servers and desktops.

By enforcing the use of an RDP gateway, you also get a third level of auditing that is easier to read than combing through the domain controller logins and is separate from the target machine so it is not subject to tampering. This type of log can make it much easier to monitor how and when RDP is being used across all the devices in your environment.

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The Remote Desktop web client lets you use a compatible web browser to access your organization's remote resources (apps and desktops) published to you by your admin. You'll be able to interact with the remote apps and desktops like you would with a local PC no matter where you are, without having to switch to a different desktop PC. Once your admin sets up your remote resources, all you need are your domain, user name, password, the URL your admin sent you, and a supported web browser, and you're good to go.

Note

Curious about the new releases for the web client? Check out What's new for Remote Desktop web client?

What you'll need to use the web client

For the web client, you'll need a PC running Windows, macOS, ChromeOS, or Linux. Mobile devices are not supported at this time.
A modern browser like Microsoft Edge, Internet Explorer 11, Google Chrome, Safari, or Mozilla Firefox (v55.0 and later).
The URL your admin sent you.

Note

The Internet Explorer version of the web client does not have audio at this time.Safari may display a gray screen if the browser is resized or enters fullscreen multiple times.

Start using the Remote Desktop client

To sign in to the client, go to the URL your admin sent you. At the sign in page, enter your domain and user name in the format DOMAINusername, enter your password, and then select Sign in.

Note

By signing in to the web client, you agree that your PC complies with your organization's security policy.

After you sign in, the client will take you to the All Resources tab, which contains all items published to you under one or more collapsible groups, such as the 'Work Resources' group. You'll see several icons representing the apps, desktops, or folders containing more apps or desktops that the admin has made available to the work group. You can come back to this tab at any time to launch additional resources.

To start using an app or desktop, select the item you want to use, enter the same user name and password you used to sign in to the web client if prompted, and then select Submit. You might also be shown a consent dialog to access local resources, like clipboard and printer. You can choose to not redirect either of these, or select Allow to use the default settings. Wait for the web client to establish the connection, and then start using the resource as you would normally.

When you're finished, you can end your session by either selecting the Sign Out button in the toolbar at the top of your screen or closing the browser window.

Web client keyboard shortcuts

The following table describes alternate key combinations to inject standard Windows shortcut keys in the remote session.

Shortcut key	Description
(Windows) Ctrl+Alt+End (MacOS) fn+control+option+delete	Inject Ctrl+Alt+Del in the remote session.
Alt+F3	Injects Windows key in the remote session.

Printing from the Remote Desktop web client

Follow these steps to print from the web client:

Start the printing process as you would normally for the app you want to print from.
When prompted to choose a printer, select Remote Desktop Virtual Printer.
After choosing your preferences, select Print.
Your browser will generate a PDF file of your print job.
You can choose to either open the PDF and print its contents to your local printer or save it to your PC for later use.

Transfer files with the web client

To learn how to enable web client file transfer, check out Configure device redirections.

Follow these steps to transfer files from your local computer to the remote session:

Windows Remote Desktop Web Access

Connect to the remote session.
Select the file upload icon in the web client menu.
When prompted, select the files you want to upload using the local file explorer.
Open the file explorer in your remote session. Your files will be uploaded to Remote Desktop Virtual Drive > Uploads.

To download files from the remote session to your local computer:

Connect to the remote session.
Open the file explorer in your remote session.
Copy the files you want to download to Remote Desktop Virtual Drive > Downloads.
Your files will be downloaded to your local default downloads folder.

Copy and paste from the Remote Desktop web client

The web client currently supports copying and pasting text only. Files can't be copied or pasted to and from the web client. Additionally, you can only use Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V to copy and paste text.

Windows Remote Desktop Web Client

Use an Input Method Editor (IME) in the remote session

The web client supports using an Input Method Editor (IME) in the remote session in version 1.0.21.16 or later. Before you can use the IME, you must install the language pack for the keyboard you want to use in the remote session on the host virtual machine. To learn more about setting up language packs in the remote session, check out Add language packs to a Windows 10 multi-session image.

To enable IME input using the web client:

Before you connect to the remote session, go to the web client Settings panel.
Toggle the Enable Input Method Editor setting to On.
In the drop-down menu, select the keyboard you want to use in the remote session.
Connect to the remote session.

The web client will suppress the local IME window when you are focused on the remote session. If you change the IME settings after you've already connected to the remote session, the setting changes won't have any effect. The web client doesn't support IME input while using a private browsing window.

Windows Remote Desktop Web Client

Note

Microsoft Remote Desktop Web

If the language pack isn't installed on the host virtual machine, the remote session will default to the English (United States) keyboard.

Remote Desktop On Windows 10

Get help with the web client

If you've encountered an issue that can't be solved by the information in this article, you can get help with the web client by raising feedback on the web client's Feedback page.